The turmoil and chaos that followed the US invasion of Iraq, the Arab Spring, the revolts, revolutions and counter-revolutions in the Middle East have given birth to new actors in the region, most notably, ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and greater Syria). ISIS, a radical Sunni terrorist group that capitalized on the grievances of Sunnis in Iraq and Syria - though small in number - has managed to control vast territories in both Iraq and Syria. The group has recently changed their name to IS (Islamic State) and has selected a new Caliph. IS poses a real and present danger not just to Iraq and Syria, but to the US and the world at large. Baher Ghosheh, Ph.D.